Norval, Ontario. The first settlers arrived in the area in the early 19th century. The village developed much like any other community of that time. How did the people of 1926 view the present and the history of Norval? Mary Dawson Snider wrote about it for The Evening Telegram. The article was published on Friday, July 23, 1926.
It was a relatively warm summer, although the day before, the maximum temperature reached 26.7°C and 5.1 mm of rain was recorded; on July 21, temperatures rose as high as 32.2°C. It is interesting to see that even a century later, summer temperatures are still remarkably similar.
“Nothing could create excitement in Norval. It was always a lonesome spot that would give you the creeps to look at,” recalled engineers and brakemen of the very early days.
C. W. Mullen,
city freight agent in Toronto for the Canadian Pacific Railway for forty-three years, and regarded by his contemporaries as one of Canada’s leading railway historians, described Norval in much the same way.
But railwaymen knew only the little, lonely station and its surroundings—not the village itself and its history.
The McNab Settlement
Norval was originally known as McNabsville or McNab’s Mill, after the McNab family, who settled along the Credit River in the early 1820s. James McNab, a veteran of the War of 1812, received a large land grant in the area and established a grist mill and sawmill on the Credit River.
[Historical note: Modern sources generally identify James McNab as the principal founder of the settlement and its early mills. Some older accounts give slightly different dates for the construction of the individual mills; the safest date is therefore “in the 1820s.”] (Upper Canada College)
The settlement that grew around the mills became known as McNabsville and McNab’s Mill. The post office was established in 1836, by which time the name Norval had come into use.
[Historical note: Sources differ slightly on the exact transition date from McNabsville to Norval. The establishment of the post office in 1836 is widely cited as the point at which the name Norval became established.] (GeorgetownOn Magazine)
The origin of the name Norval is traditionally associated with John Home’s Scottish play Douglas. In the play, the character Norval speaks of the “Grampian Hills,” and this literary connection appears to have influenced the naming of the Ontario settlement.
[Historical note: The connection with Douglas is well established in later historical accounts, although some sources have proposed other explanations for the name.] (Faded Page)
The Mills and Early Industries
The mills became the centre of the growing pioneer settlement. Sawmills and other industries followed the original grist mill, and Norval also had an ashery, where wood ashes were processed to produce potash.
Making potash from wood ashes was an important pioneer industry. Large quantities of hardwood were burned as settlers cleared their farms, leaving ashes that could be processed and sold for use in soapmaking and other industries.
[Historical note: The ashery and potash industry are documented among Norval’s early industries. Norval later developed a surprisingly varied industrial economy, including woollen and flax mills, a broom factory, carriage works, a brass foundry, bakeries and other businesses.] (St. Paul’s Norval)
In 1838, the Norval mills were sold to General Peter Adamson. The property later passed through several owners, including the Toronto distillers Gooderham and Worts.
In 1868, Robert Noble purchased the mill property. Noble and his family subsequently developed the flour business into one of the most important milling operations in the district.
[Historical note: Robert Noble’s ownership and modernization of the Norval mills are particularly well documented. The Nobles became known for their “Norval” pastry flour and “King’s Choice” bread flour, which were marketed throughout Canada and beyond.] (Halton Hills Escribe Meetings)
The mills were rebuilt and modernized during the late nineteenth century. In 1880, Noble rebuilt the mills, and by 1899 the traditional millstones had been replaced by the newer roller system.
By 1909, the Grand Trunk Railway reported that an average of approximately 700 barrels of flour a day were being transported from Noble Mills to the railway station.
[Historical note: This figure comes from later historical research based on railway records and illustrates the scale of the Norval flour business at the beginning of the twentieth century.] (HaltonHillsToday.ca)
home of the Noble family of Norval.
Memories of Pioneer Days
“When my father drew ashes to McNab’s village, whiskey was only 20 cents a gallon,” said Robert Leslie, one of those who remembered seeing Norval’s first train and being frightened by its whistle.
His father had settled about four miles from Norval in 1823.
“In those days you couldn’t have a logging or get a neighbour to come and kill a pig without having whiskey,” Leslie recalled.
[Editorial note: These passages are presented as recollections recorded by Mary Dawson Snider in 1926. They should be understood as oral history rather than independently verified statistical or economic evidence.]
“My father carried fiftyweight of flour on his back all the way from Streetsville,” Leslie remembered.
The story is a vivid illustration of the difficulties of transportation in the pioneer period, before the roads and railways of the nineteenth century transformed the district.
The Coming of the Railway
The arrival of the railway changed Norval considerably. The Grand Trunk Railway reached the area in 1856, and the railway became an important means of transporting local products, especially flour.
The station, however, was located more than a mile north of the village itself.
[Historical note: This distance is significant. Norval Station was not located in the centre of the village, and its location may have limited the railway’s effect on the growth of the community.] (GeorgetownOn Magazine)
The railway also connected Norval with larger markets. By the early twentieth century, the mills were shipping large quantities of flour by rail.
Norval also became an important stagecoach stop on the route between Toronto and Guelph, and the village developed a considerable number of businesses and services.
Norval in 1926
By the time Mary Dawson Snider wrote this article in 1926, Norval was already looking back on the great industrial period of its history.
The railway station agency had recently been discontinued because of declining business, according to the original newspaper account. The article gave Norval’s population as approximately 250, compared with about 400 at an earlier period.
[Editorial note: The population figure and the 1926 closure of the station agency are retained from the original 1926 newspaper article. I have not found an independent contemporary source online that verifies these two specific figures.]
The decline of the old industrial village was gradual. The large Noble flour mill continued to operate until January 28, 1930, when it was destroyed by fire. The grist mill survived the fire and continued operating for many years.
[Historical note: The flour mill fire is well documented. The remaining grist mill was later damaged during Hurricane Hazel in 1954 and was eventually demolished in 1961.] (HaltonHillsToday.ca)
A Village Built Around the Credit
Norval’s history is inseparable from the Credit River.
What began in the 1820s with the settlement of the McNab family, a dam and a small group of mills developed into a busy nineteenth-century village. Its mills attracted farmers, tradesmen and manufacturers, while its roads, stagecoach routes and railway connected the community with Toronto, Guelph and markets farther afield.
By 1926, much of that industrial importance had already begun to disappear. Yet the mills, the railway and the people who worked around them had shaped Norval for more than a century.
The memories preserved by Mary Dawson Snider offer a glimpse of that earlier Norval—a small but remarkably industrious Ontario village whose story was written along the banks of the Credit River.
Sources and Further Reading
-
Upper Canada College — “History of Norval”
Provides background on James McNab, the early mills and Robert Noble’s acquisition of the mill property in 1868.
Upper Canada College – History of Norval (Upper Canada College) -
GeorgetownOn — “History of Norval: The earliest settler arrived about 1818”
Useful for the railway, the location of Norval Station, the early village and later development.
GeorgetownOn – History of Norval (GeorgetownOn Magazine) -
St. Paul’s Norval — History of the Parish
Includes historical information about the Norval mills, Peter Adamson, Gooderham and Worts, and Robert Noble.
St. Paul’s Norval – History (St. Paul’s Norval) -
Halton Hills Today — “Norval once known internationally for its production of flour”
Detailed account of the Noble mills, flour production, railway shipments, the 1930 fire and the later fate of the mill.
Halton Hills Today – Norval Flour Mills (HaltonHillsToday.ca) -
Town of Halton Hills / Heritage Research
Detailed heritage research concerning the Norval mills, Robert Noble, the railway and the development of the milling industry. (Halton Hills Escribe Meetings) -
St. Paul’s Norval — “We Love Norval”
Overview of Norval’s early industries, population and transportation history.
St. Paul’s Norval – We Love Norval (St. Paul’s Norval) -
G. H. Armstrong, The Origin and Meaning of Place Names in Canada
Published in 1926; particularly useful for the historical explanation of the name Norval and its connection with John Home’s Douglas.
The Origin and Meaning of Place Names in Canada – Faded Page (Faded Page)
Editorial note on historical accuracy
The original 1926 article is valuable as a primary historical source, especially for its recollections of early Norval. However, some statements reflect oral tradition or the historical knowledge available in 1926 and should not automatically be treated as established fact. The notes above distinguish those contemporary recollections from information that can be corroborated by later historical and heritage research.